Protective effects of Wuwei Xiaodu Drink against chronic osteomyelitis through Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ Treg cells via the IL-2/STAT5 signaling pathway / 中国天然药物

To explore the effectiveness and safety of a Chinese medicinal decoction Wuwei Xiaodu Drink (WWXDD) in inhibiting chronic osteomyelitis via regulatory T cells signaling. The effective constitutes of WWXDD and osteomyelitis related genes were screened. Target proteins were cross-validated using the Venny database. GO function and KEGG pathway analysis were performed for target proteins, while pharmacological network was constructed. The bone properties were analyzed by HE staining and the concentrations of immune factors were measured by ELISA. The expression of CTLA-4 and Foxp3 mRNA and STAT5, p-STAT5, CTLA-4 and Foxp3 protein were detected using Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. FACS was used to analyze the percentages of cells. A total of 117 genes overlapped between 785 target genes of the active compounds of WWXDD and 912 osteomyelitis related genes. Inflammation-related genes, including IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-2 showed high connection degree in the drug-compound-disease-target network. GO function and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that 117 intersection genes mainly enriched in virus infection related pathways, immune related pathways and chemokine signaling pathway. Furthermore, the development of chronic osteomyelitis was suppressed in model rats after treatment with WWXDD. Meanwhile, the concentrations of IL-2 and CD4+CD25+Foxp3 Treg percentages together with the levels of p-STAT5, CTLA-4 and Foxp3 were also down-regulated. Furthermore, IL-2 and WWXDD drug-containing serum exhibited opposite effects on regulating IL-2, IL-10, TGF-β1, Foxp3, CTLA4 and STAT5. In addition, a STAT5 phosphorylation inhibitor suppressed the expression of Foxp3 and CTLA-4. WWXDD can treat chronic osteomyelitis through suppressing the main regulating factors of Tregs and interfere its immunodepression. Our results bring a new solution for chronic osteomyelitis.

Surgical treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis of extremities with MRSA infection / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize and discuss the clinical efficacy and application value of intravenous drip of linezolid combined with local targeted sustained-release of vancomycin in the treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis of extremities infected with MRSA.@*METHODS@#Thirty patients with traumatic osteomyelitis of extremities infected by MRSA from March 2015 to March 2017 were analyzed retrospectively, including 21 males and 9 females; aged 25 to 64 years old, with an average age of(47.94± 6.23) years old;the course of disease ranged from 9 to 23 months, with an average of (15.68±6.23) months. The lesions were located in tibia in 18 cases and calcaneus in 12 cases. The causes of injury were fall injury in 12 cases, trafficaccident injury in 9 cases and fall injury in 9 cases. There were 22 patients with closed fractures and 8 patients with open fractures. There were 13 cases of internal fixation. Twenty-two patients had sinustract, 8 patients had soft tissue defect with bone and internal fixation exposure, soft tissue defect area ranged from 2.0 cm × 3.0 cm to 8.2 cm × 12.3 cm;10 patients had bone defect, defect area ranged from 0.5 to 3.4 cm;bacterial culture of sinus tract or wound secretion in all patients was MRSA. On the basis of thorough debridement, calcium sulfate artificial bone loaded with vancomycin was implanted in the lesion, and linezolid and glucose injection was given intravenously during the perioperative period. The patients were followed up regularly according to the time of antibiotic use, blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, liver and kidney function and other related laboratory indexes, X-ray, CT and other imaging examinations, bone healing, flap survival, joint function and McKee's osteomyelitis cure criteria.@*RESULTS@#All the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 3 to 6 years, with a mean of (4.23±0.76) years. No recurrence of osteomyelitis occurred. Fracture healing, infection control, wound healing and functional recovery were achieved.@*CONCLUSION@#Intravenous drip of linezolid combined with local targeted sustained-release of vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA infected traumatic osteomyelitis in limbs have significant effects and low recurrence rates.

Closed folding apex manipulation combined with splinting for the treatment of double fractures of distal ulna and radius in children / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate specific technique and clinical effects of closed folding top consolidation maneuver combined with splint fixation maneuver for consolidation and cedar bark external fixation splint for the treatment of double fractures of distal ulna and radius in children.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to December 2019, 17 children with double fractures of distal ulna and radius were treated with closed folded apex consolidation maneuver, including 13 males and 4 females, aged from 4 to 11 years old with an average of (7.29±2.34) years old. The fractures were fixed with cedar bark splint and followed up for 6 months, and alignment of fracture was evaluated according to the latest X-rays by follow up, and function of the affected limbs was evaluated by Anderson forearm function evaluation criteria.@*RESULTS@#Fifteen of 17 children were successfully reset immediately, and 2 children were successfully reset again. The average fixed time was (25.00±3.35) days. At 6 months of follow up, 12 patients got excellent results, 3 good, 2 fair, and 0 poor according to Anderson forearm function evaluation criteria. The position of all children were larger than 3/4, and 10 children were received anatomical reduction, alignment of 4 children was less than 10°, 3 children was less than 15°. No complications such as fracture displacement, nonunion, compartment syndrome, and forearm rotation dysfunction occurred.@*CONCLUSION@#Restoration of distal radius double fracture in children with the combination of the closed folding and top fixation maneuver and splint fixation maneuver has advantages of higher success rate, lower complications, which could reduce operating difficultyand pain of patients.

Causes and strategies for postoperative bone nonunion after bone transport of lower limb bone of chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore causes and strategies for postoperative bone nonunion after bone transport of lower limb bone of chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2012 to December 2015, clinical data of 38 patients with lower limb bone of chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect were retrospectively analyzed, including 23 males and 15 females aged from 20 to 56 years old with an average of 36.5 years old; 5 cases occurred on 5 femoral osteomyelitis and 33 cases were tibial;the time from injury to bone transport ranged from 2 to 19 months with an average of 7.4 months; the distance of bone defect ranged from 4 to 12 cm with an average of 7.3 cm. Bone transport were performed at 1 week later after operations, and transport directions were from near-end to far-end for 30 cases, from far-end to near-end for 3 cases and bidirectional transport for another 5 cases. The alignment and transport speed were adjusted and weight-bearing was encouraged. Regular follow-up was performed and X-ray films were taken to observe complications such as poor mineralization in transport gaps, nonunion of docking sites, and recurrent fracture. Paley scoring was used to evaluate clinical effects.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months with an average of 23.1 months. No recurrence of osteomyelitis, but multiple complications associated with poor bony healing occurred. In the process of bone transport, 3 cases occurred poor mineralization in transport gaps, 17 cases occurred ununion of docking sites, 5 cases suffered fracture gap, 1 case occurred fracture without remove of external fixation, and 4 cases occurred facture after remove of external fixation. The time of taken fixation ranged from 9 to 27 months with an average of 16.3 months; index of external fixation ranged from 1.7 to 2.7 months/cm with an average of 2.24 months/cm. According to Paley's scoring, bony results showed 12 cases excellent, 16 good, 3 moderate and 7 poor;and functional results showed 14 cases excellent, 18 good, 3 moderate and 3 poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Bone transport technique could effectively solve clinical problems of long bone osteomyelitis with bone defect. However, long treatment period influence prognosis. Therefore, indications should be chosen strict, and operations should be precise and accurate, also monitored across whole process and followed up in time. Doctors should be actively guide corresponding prevention strategies.</p>

Transfer of gastrocnemius muscle flap for postoperative infection with patellar internal fixation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical effect of gastrocnemius muscle flap for repairing postoperative infection of patellar internal fixation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2011 to January 2017, 15 patients with postoperative infection of patellar internal fixation were treated, including 9 males and 6 females ranged from 31 to 66 years old with an average age of (42.5±11.2) years old. The courses of disease ranged from 2 to 8 months with an average of (4.3±1.5) months. All wounds were repaired by gastrocnemius muscle flap after debridement. The coverage of muscle flap was performed by free skin graft and donor site was closed directly. Survival of muscle flap, healing of incision were observed. HUANG Yong-xin clinical criteria and KSS score criteria were used to evaluate knee joint function 9 after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All muscle flaps were survived without necrosis. Incision of 13 patients were healed at stageI, and 2 patients had wound dehiscence after operation and healed after symptomatic treatment. All patients were followed up from 9 months to 30 months with an average of(20.6±8.3) months. No recurrence of infection was observed, and texture of muscle flap, skin color, appearance were good. According to HUANG Yong-xin clinical criteria, 13 excellent and 2 moderate. The clinical score of KSS score was 83.3±7.8, and functional score of KSS score was 86.3±10.4.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gastrocnemius muscle flap is an effective method in repairing postoperative infection of patellar internal fixation with stable curative effect and low recurrence rate, which is worthy popularizing.</p>

MIP-1α promotes the migration ability of Jurkat cell through human brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayer / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to explore the mechanism of central nervous system (CNS) leukemia resulting from brain metastasis of human acute T-cell leukemia (T-ALL) cells and the role of MIP-1α in migration of Jurkat cells through human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). The real-time PCR, siRNA test, transendothelial migration test, endothelial permeability assay and cell adhesion assay were used to detect MIP-1α expression, penetration and migration ability as well as adhesion capability respectively. The results showed that the MIP-1α expression in Jurkat cells was higher than that in normal T cells and CCRF-HSB2, CCRF-CEM , SUP-T1 cells. The MIP-1α secreted from Jurkat cells enhanced the ability of Jurkat cells to penetrate through HBMEC, the ability of Jurkat cells treated by MIP-1α siRNA to adhere to HBMEC and to migrate trans endothelial cells decreased. It is concluded that the MIP-1α secreted from Jurkat cells participates in process of penetrating the Jurkat cells through HBMEC monolayer.

Application of damage control in severe traumatic limb salvage / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the importance of damage control in limb salvage in severe trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of 14 patients with severe limb trauma was performed from June 2007 to December 2009. There are 13 males and 1 female,ranging in age from 6 to 62 years with an average of 38.4 years. According to the Tscherne's classification about soft tissue injury, 10 cases were type Fr.O III, 2 cases were type Fr.O IV, and 2 cases were type Fr.C II. All the patients received the first operation in our hospital. In the first stage, all the patients received debridemen directed by damage control after the situation was evaluated. The broken arteries were anastomosed, bone fractures were fixed with external fixation, wound were covered with the application of VSD. In the second stage, the soft tissue defect was reconstructed, and the plate fixation of unstable fracture was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 19 months. All limbs were salvaged successfully with two-stage operations,except one Fr.O IV fracture reveived the third operation. No osteomyelitis occurred, and the functions of the salvaged limbs were satisfied. Two patients had non-union at 9 month later, and were cured after re-debridement and bone replantation. The time of fracture union ranged from 5 to 15 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Severe traumatic limbs always have high rate of infection and extremity disability because the severe injury of soft tissue. The application of damage control can reduce the further injury of soft tissue, which is better for the success of limb salvage.</p>

Effects of acetoacetate extract of Radix Aconite on hepatic contents of LA, LDH, PA, Gn and ATPase activities in deficient cold model rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe different effects of acetoacetate extract of Radix Aconite and Radix Aconite Decoction on the energy metabolism in deficient cold model rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Wistar rats were randomly divided into the blank control group (n=10) and the deficient cold model group (n=30). The deficient cold rat model was established using decoction consisting of gypsum, Radix Gentianae, Cortex Phellodendri, and Rhizoma Anemarrhenae. The decoction was given to rats of the deficient cold model group by gastrogavage for 5 days. Then these rats were randomly divided into the acetoacetate extract of Radix Aconite group (n=10), the Radix Aconite Decoction group (n=10), and the model group (n=10). Rats in the model model group were administered with the decoction by gastrogavage. Rats in the other two groups were administered with the acetoacetate extract of Radix Aconite or Radix Aconite Decoction by gastrogavage for 5 days. The contents of lactic acid (LA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate (PA), glycogen (Gn) and activities of Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase and Ca(2+) -Mg(2+) -ATPase in the hepatic tissue were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank control group, the PA content, activities of Na(+)-K(+) -ATPase and Ca(2+) -Mg(2+) -ATPase decreased in the model group. Compared with the model group, the PA content increased in the other two groups. Compared with the control group, the contents of LDH and PA, and activities of Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase increased in the the acetoacetate extract of Radix Aconite group with statistical difference (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The febricity of acetoacetate extract of Radix Aconite was slightly higher than that of Radix Aconite Decoction, seemingly generating more energy. But the final conclusions and concrete mechanisms of action need further studies.</p>